How to say “mountain” around the world
4,642 languages · 387 in their own spelling
Dots of one colour begin with a similar sound. Colours group words by the class of their first consonant (a sound-class method used in linguistics): words that begin alike share a colour. This shows resemblance, not common origin — proving relationship needs case-by-case comparison. Readable forms come from Wiktionary translation tables; many smaller languages come from the ASJP word lists, in ASJP’s simplified transcription.
| Language | Word | Romanization | Family |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 山 | shān | Sino-Tibetan |
| English | mountain | Indo-European | |
| Spanish | montaña | Indo-European | |
| Hindi | पहाड़ | pahāṛ | Indo-European |
| Arabic | جَبَل | jabal | Afro-Asiatic |
| Bengali | পাহাড় | pahaṛ | Indo-European |
| Indonesian | gunung | Austronesian | |
| Portuguese | montanha | Indo-European | |
| French | montagne | Indo-European | |
| Russian | гора́ | gorá | Indo-European |
| Japanese | 山 | yama | Japonic |
| Marathi | पर्वत | parvat | Indo-European |
| Swahili | mlima | Atlantic-Congo | |
| Turkish | dağ | Turkic | |
| Telugu | పర్వతము | parvatamu | Dravidian |
| Wu Chinese | 山 | Sino-Tibetan | |
| Korean | 산 | san | Koreanic |
| German | Berg | Indo-European | |
| Vietnamese | núi | Austroasiatic | |
| Tamil | மலை | malai | Dravidian |
| Cantonese | 山 | saan¹ | Sino-Tibetan |
| Urdu | پَہاڑ | pahāṛ | Indo-European |
| Italian | montagna | Indo-European | |
| Egyptian Arabic | جبل | gabal | Afro-Asiatic |
| Gujarati | પહાડ | pahāḍ | Indo-European |
| Western Farsi | کوه | kuh | Indo-European |
| Min Nan Chinese | 山 | san | Sino-Tibetan |
| Hakka Chinese | 山 | sân | Sino-Tibetan |
| Jinyu Chinese | 山 | san¹ | Sino-Tibetan |
| Hausa | dutse | Afro-Asiatic | |
| Kannada | ಗಿರಿ | giri | Dravidian |
| Polish | góra | Indo-European | |
| Yoruba | òkè | Atlantic-Congo | |
| Xiang Chinese | 山 | san¹ | Sino-Tibetan |
| Malayalam | പർവതം | paṟvataṁ | Dravidian |
| Odia | ପର୍ବତ | parbata | Indo-European |
| Burmese | တောင် | taung | Sino-Tibetan |
| Moroccan Arabic | جبل | jbal | Afro-Asiatic |
| Igbo | ugwu | Atlantic-Congo | |
| Ukrainian | гора́ | horá | Indo-European |
| Uzbek | togʻ | Turkic | |
| Sindhi | جبل | jabalu | Indo-European |
| Romanian | munte | Indo-European | |
| Dutch | berg | Indo-European | |
| Gan Chinese | 山 | san¹ | Sino-Tibetan |
| Amharic | ተራራ | tärara | Afro-Asiatic |
| Thai | ภูเขา | phuu-khǎo | Tai-Kadai |
| Lingala | ngómbá | Atlantic-Congo | |
| Serbian-Croatian-Bosnian | планѝна | Indo-European | |
| Khmer | ភ្នំ | phnum | Austroasiatic |
| Somali | buur | Afro-Asiatic | |
| Turkmen | dag | Turkic | |
| Cebuano | bukid | Austronesian | |
| Nepali | पहाड | pahāḍ | Indo-European |
| Assamese | পর্বত | Indo-European | |
| Sinhala | කන්ද | kanda | Indo-European |
| Greek | βουνό | vounó | Indo-European |
| Kurdish | çiya | Indo-European | |
| Tajik | кӯҳ | küh | Indo-European |
| Kazakh | тау | taw | Turkic |
| Hungarian | hegy | Uralic | |
| Kinyarwanda | umusozi | Atlantic-Congo | |
| Zulu | intaba | Atlantic-Congo | |
| Nyanja | phiri | Atlantic-Congo | |
| Southern Pashto | غر | ğar | Indo-European |
| Czech | hora | Indo-European | |
| Uighur | تاغ | tagh | Turkic |
| Afrikaans | berg | Indo-European | |
| Min Dong Chinese | 山 | săng | Sino-Tibetan |
| Haitian | mòn | Indo-European | |
| Dari | کوه | kōh | Indo-European |
| Swedish | berg | Indo-European | |
| Azerbaijani | dağ | Turkic | |
| Iloko | bantay | Austronesian | |
| Bulgarian | планина́ | planiná | Indo-European |
| Shona | gomo | Atlantic-Congo | |
| Hiligaynon | bukid | Austronesian | |
| Xhosa | intaba | Atlantic-Congo | |
| Belarusian | гара́ | hará | Indo-European |
| Tigrinya | እምባ | ʾəmba | Afro-Asiatic |
| Neapolitan | muntagna | Indo-European | |
| Central Kurdish | کێو | kêw | Indo-European |
| Kashmiri | کۆہ | koh | Indo-European |
| Northern Thai | ᨡᩮᩢᩣ | Tai-Kadai | |
| Danish | bjerg | Indo-European | |
| Slovak | hora | Indo-European | |
| Southern Sotho | thaba | Atlantic-Congo | |
| Kabyle | adrar | Afro-Asiatic | |
| Minangkabau | gunuang | Austronesian | |
| Finnish | vuori | Uralic | |
| Lao | ພູ | phū | Tai-Kadai |
| Norwegian | fjell | Indo-European | |
| Tatar | тау | taw | Turkic |
| Catalan | muntanya | Indo-European | |
| Sicilian | muntagna | Indo-European | |
| Kirghiz | тоо | too | Turkic |
| Swiss German | Berg | Indo-European | |
| Riffian | adrar | Afro-Asiatic | |
| Armenian | լեռ | leṙ | Indo-European |
| Ganda | olusozi | Atlantic-Congo | |
| S'gaw Karen | ကစၢၢ် | ka suẖ | Sino-Tibetan |
| Lithuanian | kalnas | Indo-European | |
| Tok Pisin | maunten | Indo-European | |
| Lombard | mont | Indo-European | |
| Georgian | მთა | mta | Kartvelian |
| Acehnese | gunong | Austronesian | |
| Waray | bukid | Austronesian | |
| Albanian | mal | Indo-European | |
| Ewe | to | Atlantic-Congo | |
| Southern Kurdish | کۊیە | küye | Indo-European |
| Shan | လွႆ | lǎui | Tai-Kadai |
| Mongolian | уул | uul | Mongolic-Khitan |
| Bikol | bulod | Austronesian | |
| Galician | montaña | Indo-European | |
| Pampanga | bunduk | Austronesian | |
| Slovenian | gora | Indo-European | |
| Esperanto | monto | Artificial Language | |
| Macedonian | планина | planina | Indo-European |
| Sichuan Yi | ꁧ | bbo | Sino-Tibetan |
| Piedmontese | mont | Indo-European | |
| Venetian | montagna | Indo-European | |
| Zhuang | bya | Tai-Kadai | |
| Rohingya | faár | Indo-European | |
| Afar | qaléyta | Afro-Asiatic | |
| Kabardian | къущхьэ | qʷuśḥɛ | Abkhaz-Adyge |
| Limburgan | berg | Indo-European | |
| Latvian | kalns | Indo-European | |
| Quechua | pikchu | Quechuan | |
| Scots | ben | Indo-European | |
| West Flemish | berg | Indo-European | |
| Chechen | лам | lam | Nakh-Daghestanian |
| Emilian | muntâgna | Indo-European | |
| Estonian | mägi | Uralic | |
| Bashkir | тау | taw | Turkic |
| Tibetan | རི | ri | Sino-Tibetan |
| Maguindanao | palaw | Austronesian | |
| Tausug | būd | Austronesian | |
| Newari | च्वापुगुं | cwāpuguṃ | Sino-Tibetan |
| Central Okinawan | さん | san | Japonic |
| Mon | ဒဵု | tɜ̀ | Austroasiatic |
| Western Frisian | berch | Indo-European | |
| Swabian | Berg | Indo-European | |
| South Sudanese Creole Arabic | jebel | Afro-Asiatic | |
| Kalmyk | уул | uul | Mongolic-Khitan |
| Maranao | palaw | Austronesian | |
| Pontic | όρος | óros | Indo-European |
| Avar | мегӏер | meʻer | Nakh-Daghestanian |
| Tai Dam | ꪝꪴ | ꞌpú | Tai-Kadai |
| Basque | mendi | Isolates | |
| Chuvash | ту | tu | Turkic |
| Welsh | mynydd | Indo-European | |
| Yucatec Maya | ka'anal k'áax | Mayan | |
| Lü | ᦃᧁ | ẋaw | Tai-Kadai |
| Lezghian | сув | suv | Nakh-Daghestanian |
| Rusyn | гора́ | horá | Indo-European |
| Morisyen | montagn | Indo-European | |
| Walloon | montinne | Indo-European | |
| Kara-Kalpak | taw | Turkic | |
| Adyghe | къушъхьэ | qʷuŝḥɛ | Abkhaz-Adyge |
| Classical Syriac | ܛܘܪܐ | ṭūrā | Afro-Asiatic |
| Maltese | muntanja | Afro-Asiatic | |
| Crimean Tatar | dağ | Turkic | |
| Occitan | montanha | Indo-European | |
| Vlax Romani | bar | Indo-European | |
| Kaqchikel | juyu' | Mayan | |
| Ligurian | montàgna | Indo-European | |
| Mari | курык | kuryk | Uralic |
| Tetum | foho | Austronesian | |
| Silesian | gōra | Indo-European | |
| Asturian | monte | Indo-European | |
| Yakut | хайа | xaya | Turkic |
| Kumyk | тав | taw | Turkic |
| Samoan | mauga | Austronesian | |
| Sranan Tongo | bergi | Indo-European | |
| Fiji Hindi | pahaarr | Indo-European | |
| Tzotzil | vits | Mayan | |
| Mingrelian | გვალა | gvala | Kartvelian |
| Fijian | ulunivanua | Austronesian | |
| Ingush | лоам | loam | Nakh-Daghestanian |
| Icelandic | fjall | Indo-European | |
| Ngazidja Comorian | mlima | Atlantic-Congo | |
| Karachay-Balkar | тау | tau | Turkic |
| Friulian | mont | Indo-European | |
| Tuvinian | даг | dag | Turkic |
| Udmurt | выр | vyr | Uralic |
| Jarai | čư̆ | Austronesian | |
| Plautdietsch | Boajch | Indo-European | |
| Laz | გოლა | gola | Kartvelian |
| Assyrian Neo-Aramaic | ܛܘܪܐ | ṭūrā | Afro-Asiatic |
| Zeelandic | berg | Indo-European | |
| Buriat | хада | xada | Mongolic-Khitan |
| Māori | maunga | Austronesian | |
| Extremaduran | montaña | Indo-European | |
| Abkhaz | ашьха | ašxa | Abkhaz-Adyge |
| Tonga (Tonga Islands) | moʻunga | Austronesian | |
| Hiri Motu | ororo | Pidgin | |
| Navajo | dził | Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit | |
| Komi | керӧс | kerös | Uralic |
| Lak | зунтту | zunt:u | Nakh-Daghestanian |
| Corsican | muntagna | Indo-European | |
| Central Guerrero Nahuatl | tepetl | Uto-Aztecan | |
| Gagauz | bayır | Turkic | |
| Irish | sliabh | Indo-European | |
| Ladino | montanya | Indo-European | |
| Bishnupriya | মোন্টানহা | mōnṭānahā | Indo-European |
| Aromanian | munti | Indo-European | |
| Kashubian | góra | Indo-European | |
| Breton | menez | Indo-European | |
| Judeo-Tat | doq | Indo-European | |
| Mwani | mwango | Atlantic-Congo | |
| Erzya | пандо | pando | Uralic |
| Tboli | bulul | Austronesian | |
| Nogai | тав | tav | Turkic |
| Atayal | rgyax | Austronesian | |
| Võro | mägi | Uralic | |
| Tabasaran | дагъ | daġ | Nakh-Daghestanian |
| Faroese | fjall | Indo-European | |
| Tahitian | mouʻa | Austronesian | |
| Wolio | gunu | Austronesian | |
| Komi-Permyak | керӧс | kerös | Uralic |
| Scottish Gaelic | beinn | Indo-European | |
| Southern Altai | туу | tuu | Turkic |
| Tiruray | tuduk | Austronesian | |
| Sanskrit | गिरि | giri | Indo-European |
| Argobba | ተራራ | tärara | Afro-Asiatic |
| Khakas | тағ | tağ | Turkic |
| Dungan | сан | san | Sino-Tibetan |
| Romansh | muntogna | Indo-European | |
| Tlaxcala-Puebla-Central Nahuatl | tepetl | Uto-Aztecan | |
| Sandawe | gáwâ | Isolates | |
| Motu | orooro | Austronesian | |
| Karelian | mägi | Uralic | |
| Plains Cree | ᐗᔒ | washii | Algic |
| Higaonon | kalasan | Austronesian | |
| Ladin | mont | Indo-European | |
| Bau-Jagoi Bidayuh | dorod | Austronesian | |
| Hawaiian | mauna | Austronesian | |
| North Saami | várri | Uralic | |
| Kajtak | дубу́р | dubúr | Nakh-Daghestanian |
| Evenki | урэ | urə | Tungusic |
| Mirandese | muntanha | Indo-European | |
| Tohono O'odham | do'ag | Uto-Aztecan | |
| Leh Ladakhi | རི | ri | Sino-Tibetan |
| Western Apache | dził | Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit | |
| Upper Sorbian | hora | Indo-European | |
| Cherokee | ᎣᏓᎸᎢ | odalvi | Iroquoian |
| Yagnobi | куҳ | kuh | Indo-European |
| Northern Frisian | bärj | Indo-European | |
| Zuni | yalanne | Isolates | |
| Aragonese | montaña | Indo-European | |
| Puyuma | drenan | Austronesian | |
| Udi | бурух | buruꭓ | Nakh-Daghestanian |
| Lower Sorbian | góra | Indo-European | |
| Atikamekw | matinaw | Algic | |
| Even | урэкчэн | urəkcən | Tungusic |
| Chukchi | ӈэгны | ṇėgny | Chukotko-Kamchatkan |
| Jejueo | 산 | san | Koreanic |
| Rapanui | ma'uŋa | Austronesian | |
| Dolgan | кайа | kaya | Turkic |
| Pitjantjatjara | apu | Pama-Nyungan | |
| Tetelcingo Nahuatl | tepietl | Uto-Aztecan | |
| Mrassu Shor-Tutal | тағ | tağ | Turkic |
| Moksha | панда | panda | Uralic |
| Tsakonian | σ̌ίνα | šína | Indo-European |
| Mòcheno | pèrg | Indo-European | |
| Manx | slieau | Indo-European | |
| Interlingua | montania | Artificial Language | |
| Nanai | хурэ̄н | hurēn | Tungusic |
| Veps | mägi | Uralic | |
| Oroqen | urə | Tungusic | |
| Pipil | tepet | Uto-Aztecan | |
| Istriot | monto | Indo-European | |
| Tlingit | shaa | Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit | |
| Hadza | ǁʼùƛʼè-yà | Isolates | |
| Taos Northern Tiwa | p’íanenemą | Kiowa-Tanoan | |
| Lule Sami | várre | Uralic | |
| Southern Sami | bïerje | Uralic | |
| Pitcairn-Norfolk | maun | Indo-European | |
| Skolt Sami | vääʹrr | Uralic | |
| Yonaguni | ダマ | dama | Japonic |
| Inari Sami | vääri | Uralic | |
| Halkomelem | smámelet | Salishan | |
| Ulch | хурэ | Tungusic | |
| Ingrian | mäki | Uralic | |
| Straits Salish | SṈÁNET | Salishan | |
| Udihe | уэ | Tungusic | |
| Ume Saami | várrie | Uralic | |
| West Itelmen | ӈэйӈэ | ŋejŋe | Chukotko-Kamchatkan |
| Chickasaw | onchaba | Muskogean | |
| Votic | mäči | Uralic | |
| Pite Saami | várre | Uralic | |
| Orok | хурэ | hurə | Tungusic |
| Manchu | ᠠᠯᡳᠨ | alin | Tungusic |
| Han | ddhäw | Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit | |
| Ainu | イワ | iwa | Ainu |
| Abaga | àg̶ònáì | Nuclear Trans New Guinea | |
| Ahom | 𑜁𑜧 | khaw | Tai-Kadai |
| Akkadian | 𒆳 | šadûm | Afro-Asiatic |
| Alviri-Vidari | کمر | kamer | Indo-European |
| Ama (Papua New Guinea) | yu | Left May | |
| Guadeloupe-Martinique Creole French | montangn | Indo-European | |
| Aramaic | טוּרָא | ṭūrā | Afro-Asiatic |
| Avestan | 𐬐𐬀𐬊𐬟𐬀 | kaofa | Indo-European |
| Western Balochi | کوہ | koh | Indo-European |
| Banjar | gunung | Austronesian | |
| Boloki | ngómbá | Atlantic-Congo | |
| Central Atlas Tamazight | ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ | adrar | Afro-Asiatic |
| Falam Chin | tlang | Sino-Tibetan | |
| Min Bei Chinese | 山 | súing | Sino-Tibetan |
| Coptic | ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | toou | Afro-Asiatic |
| Dalmatian | muant | Indo-European | |
| Dargwa | дубура | dubura | Nakh-Daghestanian |
| Fataluku | apa | Timor-Alor-Pantar | |
| Arpitan | montagne | Indo-European | |
| Old French | montaigne | Indo-European | |
| Saterland Frisian | Bierich | Indo-European | |
| Geez | ደብር | däbr | Afro-Asiatic |
| Ancient Greek | ὄρος | óros | Indo-European |
| Kalaallisut | qaqqaq | Eskimo-Aleut | |
| Hebrew | הַר | har | Afro-Asiatic |