Northern Hindko

Hindko (ہندکو, romanised: Hindko, IPA: [ˈɦɪnd̚koː]) is a polyphyletic label for a diverse group of Lahnda dialects spoken by several million people of various ethnic backgrounds in several areas in northwestern Pakistan, primarily in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and northwestern areas of Punjab.

The name "Hindko" means "the Indian language" or "language of Hind", and refers to the Indo-Aryan speech forms spoken in the northern Indian subcontinent, in contrast to Pashto itself, a neighbouring Iranic language spoken by the Pashtun people. An alternative local name for this language group is Hindki. A speaker of Hindko may be referred to as Hindki, Hindkun, or Hindkowan (Hindkuwan).

Like other Lahnda varieties, Hindko is derived from the Shauraseni Prakrit. Hindko to some extent is mutually intelligible with Standard Punjabi and Saraiki, and has more affinities with the latter than with the former.

摘自英文维基百科 · Hindko · CC BY-SA 4.0